The Myth of the Rugged Individual

Script and Sources

The American dream promises that anyone can make it if they work hard enough and play by the rules. Anyone can make it by pulling themselves up by their “bootstraps.” 

Baloney. 

The truth is: In America today, your life chances depend largely on how you started -- where you grew up and how much your parents earned.

Everything else -- whether you attend college, your chances of landing a well-paying job, even your health -- hinges on this start. 

So as inequality of income and wealth has widened -- especially along the lines of race and gender -- American children born into poverty have less chance of making it. While 90% of children born in 1940 grew up to earn more than their parents, today only half of all American adults earn more than their parents did. And children born to the top 10 percent of earners are typically on track to make three times more income as adults than the children of the bottom 10 percent.

Even children born into similar economic circumstances face different obstacles to success, depending on access to good schools, public safety, environmental health, and other factors.  For example, in Chicago, residents of the predominantly white neighborhood Streeterville can expect to live to 90, while residents of the virtually all-black neighborhood Englewood can only expect to live to 60. 

The phrase “pulling yourself up by the bootstraps” itself is rubbish. Its origins date back to an 18th-century fairy tale, and the phrase was originally intended as a metaphor for an impossible feat of strength. 

Other countries understand that the family you’re born into as well as the social safety nets and social springboards you have access to as a child play large roles. Children born poor in Canada, Denmark, or the United Kingdom -- nations without America’s degree of inequality, which provide  strong social safety nets and public investments -- have a greater chance of economic success than children born poor in America. Individuals are blamed less for their personal failures and credited less for personal successes. 

So, why is America still perpetuating this fallacy? Because those in power want you to believe it. If everyone thinks they’re on their own, it’s easier for the powerful to dismantle unions, unravel safety nets, and slash taxes for the wealthy. 

It’s in their interest to keep the American Dream deeply rooted in our psyche -- the assumption that YOU determine your destiny. So we don’t demand reforms that are necessary -- paid family and medical leave, for example, or early childhood education, accessible childcare, and policies that lift every family out of poverty.   

So let’s stop perpetuating this myth of the self-made individual. And let’s start rebuilding the American dream by creating opportunities for all, not just those who are already wealthy, privileged, and well-connected.